Breast Implants Rejection Symptoms

I Bioremediation and Biodegradation Bioinformática I Bioingeniería

Applications

Biotechnology has important applications in industrial areas such as health care, with the development of new approaches to the treatment of diseases with the development of agriculture and improved food crop; non-food uses of crops, such as biodegradable plastics , vegetable oils and biofuels , and environmental care through bioremediation , such as recycling, waste treatment and cleanup of contaminated sites industrial activities. Also applies genetics to modify certain organisms. ^{[ 6 ]}

biotechnology applications are numerous and are usually classified as

• Red biotechnology: applies to the use of biotechnology processes Medical . Some examples are the design of organisms to produce antibiotics , development of safer vaccines and new drugs, molecular diagnostics, regenerative therapies and the development of genetic engineering to cure diseases through gene manipulation .
• White biotechnology, also known as industrial biotechnology, is that applied to industrial processes . An example is the design of micro-organisms to produce a chemical or the use of enzymes as industrial catalysts to either produce chemicals valuable chemicals or destroy hazardous contaminants (eg using ^{oxidoreductases [7 ]} ). It also applies to applications of biotechnology in the textile industry in the creation of new materials such as biodegradable plastics and biofuels. Its main objective is the creation of easily degradable products that consume less power and generate less waste during production. ^{[ 8 ]} White biotechnology tends to consume less resources than traditional processes used to produce industrial goods. ^{[ 9 ]}

• Green biotechnology is biotechnology applied to agricultural processes. An example is the design of transgenic plants able to grow under unfavorable environmental conditions or plants resistant to pests and diseases. It is expected that green biotechnology solutions to produce environmentally friendly than traditional methods of industrial agriculture. An example of this is genetic engineering plants to express pesticides, thus eliminating the need for external application of the same, as the case of Bt corn . If the green biotechnology products such as this are more friendly to the environment or not is a matter of debate. ^{[10 ]}

• Blue Biotechnology: also called marine biotechnology is a term used to describe the applications of biotechnology in marine and aquatic environments. Even at an early stage of development are promising applications for aquaculture , healthcare, cosmetics and food products. Today there are many companies devoted to studying the marine environment for biotechnological purposes, especially aimed at improving nutrition and health of people. Biotech companies like fabrincan in Spain Innaves different "infredientes functional" as applied to other consumer products such as iogures, milk, cheese or coffee, naturally improve the quality and life expectancy of people. ^{[ 11 ]}

Bioremediation and biodegradation

Bioremediation is the process by which they are used to clean microorganisms a contaminated site. Biological processes play an important role in removing pollutants and leverages biotechnology catabolic versatility of microorganisms to degrade and convert these compounds. In the field of environmental microbiology, studies based on genome research open new fields in silico extending the panorama of metabolic networks and their regulation, as well as clues about the molecular pathways of degradation processes and adaptation strategies to changing environmental conditions. The approaches of functional genomics and metagenomics increase understanding of different regulatory pathways and carbon flux networks in non-standard and special compounds that will undoubtedly accelerate the development of technologies for bioremediation and biotransformation processes. ^{[ 12 ]}

marine environments are especially vulnerable since oil spills in coastal and open sea are difficult to contain and difficult to mitigate its damages. In addition to pollution through human activities, millions of tons of oil entering the marine environment through natural seepage. Despite its toxicity, a considerable fraction of oil entering marine systems is eliminated by the activity of degradation of hydrocarbons carried out by microbial communities, in particular, calls hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB). ^{[ 13 ]} addition, several microorganisms such as Pseudomonas , Flavobacterium, Arthrobacter and Azotobacter can be used to degrade oil. ^{[ 14 ]} The spill of Exxon Valdez oil tanker in Alaska in 1989 was the first case in which bioremediation was used to successfully scale, supplementing it by stimulating the bacterial population nitrogen and phosphorus who were the limitations of the medium.

Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field which addresses biological problems using computational techniques and makes it possible to quickly organization and analysis of biological data. This field can also be called computational biology, and can be defined as, "conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules and then applying informatics techniques to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, a large scale." ^{[ 16 ]} Bioinformatics plays a key role in several areas, such as functional genomics the structural genomics and proteomics , and forms a key component in the sector biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.

Bioengineering

biological engineering and bioengineering is a branch of engineering that focuses on biotechnology and the life sciences . It includes different disciplines such as biochemical engineering the biomedical engineering, biological process engineering, biosystems engineering, etc. It is an integrated approach to the fundamentals of biological sciences and traditional engineering principles.

Bioengineers often work climbing biological processes laboratory to industrial scale production. On the other hand, often addresses issues of management, economic and legal. Because the patent and control systems (for example, the FDA in the U.S.) are of vital importance for biotechnology companies, often bioengineers should have knowledge related to these topics.

There is a growing number of biotechnology companies and universities all over the world are providing programs in bioengineering and biotechnology independently.

source: wikipedia