cheese is a solid milk product that - with few exceptions - obtained by coagulating the protein content of milk is. Milk products are in Europe, North America and Australia to the basic food .
Historical
It is likely that even stone-age fighters captured in the stomach of young ruminants , which recently had yet breast milk drink, jelly-like whitish discovered lumps. Those in the stomach of prey animals from milk fermented Labquark presented the prototype of the cheese dar.
With the start of domestication of suspected initially goats , then sheep and last cattle and the spreading grazing in the Middle Stone Age , such as between 10 and 8 Millennium BC were to man the first time more Amounts of animal milk is available. About the same time allegedly developed the art of cheese by the man with the principles of cheese gradually discovered and began to use them selectively and spread. Here lay the diverse traditions of cheese close to the humanity that the cheese developed independently at different times and on different sites for part of each other and only later changed over longer distances and production recipes were handed down. In earthen vessels or animal bladders stockpiled milk was sour in the sun or a warm fire at first, soon coagulate . It was created under favorable circumstances an edible, storable food.
Such relatively simple to produce sour milk cheese enriched the food supply of the people of that time and helped to overcome shortages of other food supply, so they should be prepared for a long time. A little later discovered and used it probably also aware of the effect of animal and vegetable Lab , even if the active principle could be described until much later. Specifically produced with rennet cheese may have occurred for example when they were stored in milk for calves' stomachs bottled and the amazing effect of rennet recognized. By chance we saw perhaps even in prehistoric times the preservative and flavor-enhancing effect of some noble mold as opposed to inedible-causing spoilage of the cheese, that is by other, sometimes toxic molds or microorganisms as bacteria triggered when cheese in caves were stored with an appropriate flora. However, it will have lasted a relatively long time until the man also learned such blue cheese planned to produce. is safe
From about 5000 BC assumed that the dairy in Mesopotamia in Black Sea, in Asia Minor was Egypt and North Africa known and researched in detail and further developed. The earliest visual and written representations and evidence of a cheese production come from Mesopotamia, the area of \u200b\u200bpresent-day Iraq from a period from about 3000 BC
In the daily life of the Greeks cheese has also long been an integral part . He was valued as a delicacy and was a coveted commodity, it has been attributed aphrodisiac effects, and he found even as a sacrifice to the gods use. Homer describes in the 10th Singing his odyssey (fixed in writing in the late 8th century BC), the invigorating effect of the cheese enjoyment. From the 4th Century BC written pragmatists of Aristotle is the first recorded professional discussion of milk processing.
Greek slaves refined the art of cheese in Roman Empire, from where it spread beyond the borders of the occupied territories of Rome, therefore, in almost all parts of Europe. The Romans already created a variety of baked goods had with cheese and all sorts of variations of cheese salad and the Roman legionaries Others find raisins and olives cheese as well as provisions in their field pack.
As in the 4th Century BC, the Celts the Alps crossed, they already knew in the cheese factory to use today screens for skimming the cream and refined the art of cheese in our region. The Germans took over the Celtic traditions and brought the now extensive hand work to another flower.
A rich source for the development of the dairy in Europe since the early Middle Ages are the records of the monasteries. In many monasteries not only its own cheeses were produced, the meticulous records of the monks also make it possible to trace the history of some cheeses manufactured up to date to the year 1100. To occur, in 1115 the Gruyere , 1184 Gouda and Edam , 1200 Emmentaler cheese and Bavarian hand and 1282 the Appenzeller their first mention in the monastery manuscripts. [1] The English Cheshire is already completed in 1086 Domesday Book, a mention at the instigation of William the Conqueror -made kingdom land.
Since 19 Century facilitated many scientific discoveries and technological developments to make cheese. Ferdinand Cohn discovered that the maturation of cheese related microorganisms Louis Pasteur , Justus von Liebig and Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov studied in the laboratory, the secrets of ripening, flavor and aroma, or procedures developed to improve the durability of cheese. Engineers developed partly in cooperation with cheese masters cutting frame, agitators, Quark, electric cutting and mixing tools, huge boilers and tanks, coolers and other aids for cheese production on an industrial scale. More recent developments in this area industrially produced include substances such as microbial rennet or genetically engineered rennet. But in the opinion of connoisseurs, the production is really very good cheese, the experience and technically sound work of experienced cheese maker reserved and can not be achieved in mass production.
cheese
for the production of one kilogram Cheese are needed depending on the type of cheese 4:00 to 12:00 liter of milk. Subjects manufacturing process, three different types: sour milk cheese , rennet cheese and whey cheese .
origin
cheese is particularly widespread in western culture. It can be up to 5,000 different types of cheese, which also differ in the same denomination of cheese dairy to dairy. The country with the largest cheese production worldwide, the United States .
A small bietet die wichtigsten der Käsearten liste nach der Käsesorten Herkunftsländern
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